Publication Library

gammaCore™ non-invasive vagus nerve stimulator (nVNS) was granted Breakthrough Device Designation for PTSD by the US Food and Drug Administration in January 2022.

Publications:

1. Schindler AG, Meabon JS, Baskin B, et al. Non-invasive vagus nerve stimulation for the prevention/treatment of comorbid mild traumatic brain injury and PTSD. Poster presented at: 3rd International Brain Stimulation Conference; February 24-27, 2019; Vancouver, BC, Canada.
2. Bremner JD, et al. Transcutaneous Cervical Vagal Nerve Stimulation in Patients with Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD): A Pilot Study of Effects on PTSD Symptoms and Interleukin-6 Response to Stress. J Affect Disord Rep. 2021 Dec;6:100190. doi: 10.1016/j.jadr.2021.100190. Epub 2021 Jul 10. PMID: 34778863; PMCID: PMC8580056
3. Gurel NZ, et al. Transcutaneous cervical vagal nerve stimulation reduces sympathetic responses to stress in posttraumatic stress disorder: A double-blind, randomized, sham controlled trial. Neurobiol Stress. 2020 Oct 20;13:100264. doi: 10.1016/j.ynstr.2020.100264. PMID: 33344717; PMCID: PMC7739181.
4. Gazi AH, et al. Transcutaneous Cervical Vagus Nerve Stimulation Inhibits the Reciprocal of the Pulse Transit Time's Responses to Traumatic Stress in Posttraumatic Stress Disorder. Annu Int Conf IEEE Eng Med Biol Soc. 2021 Nov;2021:1444-1447. doi: 10.1109/EMBC46164.2021.9630415. PMID: 34891557; PMCID: PMC10114282.
5. Choudhary T, et al. Effect of transcutaneous cervical vagus nerve stimulation on declarative and working memory in patients with Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD): A pilot study. J Affect Disord. 2023 Oct 15;339:418-425. doi: 10.1016/j.jad.2023.07.025. Epub 2023 Jul 12. PMID: 37442455.
6. Gurel NZ, et al. Effect of transcutaneous cervical vagus nerve stimulation on the pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide (PACAP) response to stress: A randomized, sham controlled, double blind pilot study. Compr Psychoneuroendocrinol. 2020 Oct 27;4:100012. doi: 10.1016/j.cpnec.2020.100012. PMID: 35755625; PMCID: PMC9216713.
7. Gurel NZ, et al. Quantifying acute physiological biomarkers of transcutaneous cervical vagal nerve stimulation in the context of psychological stress. Brain Stimul. 2020;13(1):47-59. doi:10.1016/j.brs.2019.08.002.
8. Wittbrodt MT, et al. Non-invasive vagal nerve stimulation decreases brain activity during trauma scripts. Brain Stimul. 2020 Sep-Oct;13(5):1333-1348. doi: 10.1016/j.brs.2020.07.002. Epub 2020 Jul 10. PMID: 32659483; PMCID: PMC8214872
9. Wittbrodt, Matthew T. et al. Noninvasive Cervical Vaga l Nerve Stimulation Alters Brain Activity During Traumatic Stress in Individuals With Posttraumatic Stress Disorder. Psychosomatic Medicine 83(9):p 969-977, 11/12 2021. | DOI: 10.1097/PSY.0000000000000987
10. Moazzami K. et al, Transcutaneous vagal nerve stimulation modulates stress-induced plasma ghrelin levels: A double-blind, randomized, sham-controlled trial, Journal of Affective Disorders, Volume 342, 2023, Pages 85-90, ISSN 0165-0327, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2023.09.015.

gammaCore™ non-invasive vagus nerve stimulator (nVNS) has not been evaluated by FDA for use in Opioid Use Disorder (OUD) and the safety and effectiveness of gammaCore for OUD has not been established.

Publications:

1. Gazi, A. H., Harrison, A. B., Lambert, T. P., Nawar, A., Obideen, M., Driggers, E. G., ... & Bremner, J. D. (2022). Pain is reduced by transcutaneous cervical vagus nerve stimulation and correlated with cardiorespiratory variability measures in the context of opioid withdrawal. Frontiers in Pain Research, 3, 1031368. https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/pain-research/articles/10.3389/fpain.2022.1031368/full
2. Klaming, R., Harlé, K.M, Lerman, I., Fong C., Hu, R., Norman, S. B., Simmons, A. N., Spadoni, A. D., & Lerman, I. (2024). NONINVASIVE VAGAL NERVE STIMULATION AS NOVEL TREATMENT FOR ALCOHOL USE DISORDER – INITIAL EVIDENCE FOR SYMPTOM REDUCTION AND ALTERED NEURAL RESPONSE TO PAIN. Presented at the Research Society on Alcoholism Annual Meeting, Minneapolis, MN, USA. June 22, 2024. https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/acer.15318
3. Gazi, A. H., Harrison, A. B., Lambert, T. P., Obideen, M., Alavi, P., Murrah, N., ... & Bremner, J. D. (2022). Transcutaneous cervical vagus nerve stimulation reduces behavioral and physiological manifestations of withdrawal in patients with opioid use disorder: a double-blind, randomized, sham-controlled pilot study. Brain stimulation, 15(5), 1206-1214. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1935861X22001954

gammaCore™ non-invasive vagus nerve stimulator (nVNS) has not been evaluated by the FDA for use in the treatment of gastrointestinal diseases, and the safety and effectiveness of gammaCore for gastrointestinal diseases has not been established.

Publications:

1. Paulon E, Nastou D, Jaboli F, Marin J, Liebler E, Epstein O. Proof of concept: short-term non-invasive cervical vagus nerve stimulation in patients with drug-refractory gastroparesis. Frontline Gastroenterol. 2017 Oct;8(4):325-330. doi: 10.1136/flgastro-2017-100809. Epub 2017 May 24. PMID: 29067158; PMCID: PMC5641854.
2. Gottfried-Blackmore A, Adler EP, Fernandez-Becker N, Clarke J, Habtezion A, Nguyen L. Open-label pilot study: non-invasive vagal nerve stimulation improves symptoms and gastric emptying in patients with idiopathic gastroparesis. Neurogastroenterol Motil. 2020;32(4):e13769. doi:10.1111/nmo.13769
3. Chapman, Stephen J., et al. "Non-invasive, vagus nerve stimulation to reduce ileus after colorectal surgery: protocol for a feasibility trial with nested mechanistic studies." BMJ open 11.7 (2021): e046313.
4. Barahona, Guillermo, et al. "S1846 Non-Invasive Vagal Nerve Stimulation Reduces Nausea Rescue Medication in Patients With Gastroparesis and Related Disorders, With Additional Benefits on Multiple Other Associated Symptoms." Official journal of the American College of Gastroenterology| ACG 118.10S (2023): S1373.
5. Gottfried-Blackmore, Andres, Aida Habtezion, and Linda Nguyen. "Noninvasive vagal nerve stimulation for gastroenterology pain disorders." Pain Management 11.1 (2021): 89-96.

gammaCore™ non-invasive vagus nerve stimulator (nVNS) has not been evaluated by the FDA for use in the treatment of Parkinson's Disease, and the safety and effectiveness of gammaCore for Parkinson's Disease has not been established.

Publications:

1. Sigurdsson, Hilmar P., et al. "Noninvasive vagus nerve stimulation in Parkinson’s disease: current status and future prospects." Expert Review of Medical Devices 18.10 (2021): 971-984.
2. Mondal, Banashree, et al. "Effects of non-invasive vagus nerve stimulation on clinical symptoms and molecular biomarkers in Parkinson’s disease." Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience 15 (2024): 1331575.
3. Torrecillos, Flavie, et al. "Non-invasive vagus nerve stimulation modulates subthalamic beta activity in Parkinson's disease." Brain Stimulation: Basic, Translational, and Clinical Research in Neuromodulation 15.6 (2022): 1513-1516.

gammaCore™ non-invasive vagus nerve stimulator (nVNS) has not been evaluated by the FDA for use in the treatment of brain injury, and the safety and effectiveness of gammaCore for brain injury has not been established.

Publications:

1. Arsava, Ethem Murat, et al. "Assessment of safety and feasibility of non-invasive vagus nerve stimulation for treatment of acute stroke." Brain stimulation 15.6 (2022): 1467-1474.
2. van der Meij, Anne, et al. "NOn-invasive Vagus nerve stimulation in acute Ischemic Stroke (NOVIS): a study protocol for a randomized clinical trial." Trials 21 (2020): 1-6.
3. Andalib, Sasan, et al. "Vagus Nerve Stimulation in Ischemic Stroke." Current neurology and neuroscience reports 23.12 (2023): 947-962.
4. Lindemann, Jan, et al. "Vagus nerve stimulation reduces spreading depolarization burden and cortical infarct volume in a rat model of stroke." PLoS One 15.7 (2020): e0236444.
5. Ay, Ilknur, Eric Liebler, and Hakan Ay. "Effect of non-invasive vagus nerve stimulation in hemorrhagic brain injury and permanent ischemic stroke in rats (P10-10.005)." Neurology 98.18_supplement (2022): 1758.
6. Ay, Ilknur, et al. "Transcutaneous cervical vagus nerve stimulation ameliorates acute ischemic injury in rats." Brain stimulation 9.2 (2016): 166-173.
7. Ayata, Cenk, et al. "Suppression of cortical spreading depression in migraine prophylaxis." Annals of Neurology: Official Journal of the American Neurological Association and the Child Neurology Society 59.4 (2006): 652-661.
8. Morais, A., Liu, T. T., Qin, T., Sadhegian, H., Ay, I., Yagmur, D., ... & Ayata, C. (2020). Vagus nerve stimulation inhibits cortical spreading depression exclusively through central mechanisms. Pain, 161(7), 1661-1669.
9. Liu, Tzu-Ting, et al. "Efficacy profile of noninvasive vagus nerve stimulation on cortical spreading depression susceptibility and the tissue response in a rat model." The Journal of Headache and Pain 23.1 (2022): 12.
10. Chen, S. P., Ay, I., De Morais, A. L., Qin, T., Zheng, Y., Sadeghian, H., ... & Ayata, C. (2016). Vagus nerve stimulation inhibits cortical spreading depression. Pain, 157(4), 797-805.
11. Yang, L. Y., Bhaskar, K., Thompson, J., Duval, K., Torbey, M., & Yang, Y. (2022). Non-invasive vagus nerve stimulation reduced neuron-derived IL-1β and neuroinflammation in acute ischemic rat brain. Brain Hemorrhages, 3(2), 45-56.
12. Morais, A., Chung, J. Y., Wu, L., Ayata, C., Simon, B., & Whalen, M. J. (2024). Non-Invasive Vagal Nerve Stimulation Pre-Treatment Reduces Neurological Dysfunction After Closed Head Injury in Mice. Neurotrauma Reports, 5(1), 150-158.
13. Yang, Yirong, et al. "Non-invasive vagus nerve stimulation reduces blood-brain barrier disruption in a rat model of ischemic stroke." Brain stimulation 11.4 (2018): 689-698.
14. Divani, A. A., Salazar, P., Ikram, H. A., Taylor, E., Wilson, C. M., Yang, Y., ... & Bragin, D. E. (2023). Non-invasive Vagus nerve stimulation improves brain lesion volume and neurobehavioral outcomes in a rat model of traumatic brain injury. Journal of neurotrauma, 40(13-14), 1481-1494.
15. Divani, A. A., Taylor, E., Ikram, H. A., Salazar, P., Yang, Y., SantaCruz, K., ... & Bragin, D. E. (2022). Noninvasive Vagus Nerve Stimulation Reduces Brain Lesion Volume in a Rat model of Traumatic Brain Injury.

gammaCore™ non-invasive vagus nerve stimulator (nVNS) has been approved by the FDA and is intended to provide non-invasive vagus nerve stimulation (nVNS) on the side of the neck. gammaCore is indicated for the preventive treatment of migraine headache in adolescent (age 12 and older) and adult patients, and the acute treatment of pain associated with migraine headache in adolescent (age 12 and older) and adult patients. For more information and additional indications, please visit: https://www.gammacore.com/about-gammacore/important-safety-information/

Publications:

1. Tassorelli C, Grazzi L, de Tommaso M, et al. Noninvasive vagus nerve stimulation as acute therapy for migraine: the randomized PRESTO study. Neurology. 2018;91(4):e364-e373. doi:10.1212/WNL.0000000000005857
2. Silberstein SD, Calhoun AH, Lipton RB, et al. Chronic migraine headache prevention with noninvasive vagus nerve stimulation: the EVENT study. Neurology. 2016;87(5):529-538. doi:10.1212/WNL.0000000000002918
3. Martelletti P, Barbanti P, Grazzi L, et al. Consistent effects of non-invasive vagus nerve stimulation (nVNS) for the acute treatment of migraine: additional findings from the randomized, sham-controlled, double-blind PRESTO trial. J Headache Pain. 2018;19(1):101. doi:10.1186/s10194-018-0929-0
4. Diener HC, Goadsby PJ, Ashina M, et al. Non-invasive vagus nerve stimulation (nVNS) for the preventive treatment of episodic migraine: the multicentre, double-blind, randomised, sham-controlled PREMIUM trial. Cephalalgia. 2019;39(12):1475-1487. doi:10.1177/0333102419876920
5. Najib U, Smith T, Hindiyeh N, et al. Non-invasive vagus nerve stimulation for prevention of migraine: The multicenter, randomized, double-blind, sham-controlled PREMIUM II trial. Cephalalgia. 2022;42(7):560-569. doi:10.1177/03331024211068813
6. Grazzi, L., Tassorelli, C., De Tommaso, M., Pierangeli, G., Martelletti, P., Rainero, I., ... & Barbanti, P. (2018). Practical and clinical utility of non-invasive vagus nerve stimulation (nVNS) for the acute treatment of migraine: a post hoc analysis of the randomized, sham-controlled, double-blind PRESTO trial. The Journal of Headache and Pain, 19, 1-9.
7. Schoenen, Jean, and Anna Ambrosini. "Update on noninvasive neuromodulation for migraine treatment—vagus nerve stimulation." Progress in brain research 255 (2020): 249-274.
8. Kinfe, Thomas M., et al. "Cervical non-invasive vagus nerve stimulation (nVNS) for preventive and acute treatment of episodic and chronic migraine and migraine-associated sleep disturbance: preliminary findings from a prospective observational cohort study." The journal of headache and pain 16 (2015): 1-11.

gammaCore™ non-invasive vagus nerve stimulator (nVNS) has been approved by the FDA and is intended to provide non-invasive vagus nerve stimulation (nVNS) on the side of the neck. gammaCore is indicated for adjunctive use for the preventive treatment of cluster headache in adult patients, and the acute treatment of pain associated with episodic cluster headache in adult patients. For more information and additional indications, please visit: https://www.gammacore.com/about-gammacore/important-safety-information/

Publications:

1. Gaul C, Diener HC, Silver N, et al. Non-invasive vagus nerve stimulation for prevention and acute treatment of chronic cluster headache (PREVA): a randomised controlled study. Cephalalgia. 2016;36(6):534-546. doi:10.1177/0333102415607070
2. Gaul C, Magis D, Liebler E, Straube A. Effects of non-invasive vagus nerve stimulation on attack frequency over time and expanded response rates in patients with chronic cluster headache: a post hoc analysis of the randomised, controlled PREVA study. J Headache Pain. 2017 Dec;18(1):22. doi: 10.1186/s10194-017-0731-4. Epub 2017 Feb 14. PMID: 28197844; PMCID: PMC5309191.
3. Goadsby PJ, de Coo IF, Silver N, et al. Non-invasive vagus nerve stimulation for the acute treatment of episodic and chronic cluster headache: a randomized, double-blind, sham-controlled ACT2 study. Cephalalgia. 2018;38(5):959-969. doi:10.1177/0333102417744362
4. Silberstein SD, Mechtler LL, Kudrow DB, et al. Non-invasive vagus nerve stimulation for the acute treatment of cluster headache: findings from the randomized, double-blind, sham-controlled ACT1 study. Headache. 2016;56(8):1317-1332. doi:10.1111/head.12896
5. de Coo IF, Marin JC, Silberstein SD, et al. Differential efficacy of non-invasive vagus nerve stimulation for the acute treatment of episodic and chronic cluster headache: a meta-analysis. Cephalalgia. 2019;39(8):967-977. doi:10.1177/0333102419856607
6. Marin, Juana, et al. "Non-invasive vagus nerve stimulation for treatment of cluster headache: early UK clinical experience." The Journal of Headache and Pain 19 (2018): 1-6.
7. Silberstein, Stephen D., et al. "The emerging role of gammaCore® in the management of cluster headache: expert panel recommendations." Am J Manag Care 23.17 Suppl (2017): S326-S333.
8. Silver, Nicholas, et al. "Non-invasive vagus nerve stimulation for treatment of cluster headache: a retrospective review of prescribing in England." British Journal of Healthcare Management 27.11 (2021): 1-11.
9. Nagy, Abraham, et al. "Real-world Use of Non-invasive Vagus Nerve Stimulation for Acute Treatment of Pain in Episodic Cluster Headache Attacks: Results From a Patient Registry (S38. 006)." Neurology 92.15_supplement (2019): S38-006.
10. Simmonds, Lucy, et al. "An open-label observational study and meta-analysis of non-invasive vagus nerve stimulation in medically refractory chronic cluster headache." Frontiers in Neurology 14 (2023): 1100426.

gammaCore™ non-invasive vagus nerve stimulator (nVNS) has been approved by the FDA and is intended to provide non-invasive vagus nerve stimulation (nVNS) on the side of the neck. gammaCore is indicated for the treatment of hemicrania continua and paroxysmal hemicrania in adults. For more information and additional indications, please visit: https://www.gammacore.com/about-gammacore/important-safety-information/

Publications:

1. Eren, Ozan, et al. "Hemicrania Continua: Beneficial Effect of Non‐Invasive Vagus Nerve Stimulation in a Patient With a Contraindication for Indomethacin." Headache: The Journal of Head and Face Pain 57.2 (2017): 298-301.
2. Davies, B. NON-INVASIVE VAGUS NERVE STIMULATION FOR HEMICRANIA CONTINUA: A CASE SERIES OF 3 PATIENTS. EHMTC-0336. Presented at International Headache Society 2016
3. Nesbitt, A., J. Marin, and P. Goadsby. "Treatment of hemicrania continua by non-invasive vagus nerve stimulation in 2 patients previously treated with occipital nerve stimulation." The Journal of Headache and Pain 14 (2013): 1-1.
4. Tso, Amy R., Juana Marin, and Peter J. Goadsby. "Noninvasive vagus nerve stimulation for treatment of indomethacin-sensitive headaches." JAMA neurology10 (2017): 1266-1267.

gammaCore™ non-invasive vagus nerve stimulator (nVNS) has been approved by the FDA and is intended to provide non-invasive vagus nerve stimulation (nVNS) on the side of the neck. gammaCore is indicated for the preventive treatment of migraine headache in adolescent (age 12 and older) and adult patients, and the acute treatment of pain associated with migraine headache in adolescent (age 12 and older) and adult patients. The adjunctive use for the preventive treatment of cluster headache in adult patients, and the acute treatment of pain associated with episodic cluster headache in adult patients. In addition, the treatment of hemicrania continua and paroxysmal hemicrania in adults. For more information, please visit: https://www.gammacore.com/about-gammacore/important-safety-information/

Publications:

1. Grazzi L, Egeo G, Calhoun AH, McClure CK, Liebler E, Barbanti P. Non-invasive Vagus Nerve Stimulation (nVNS) as mini-prophylaxis for menstrual/menstrually related migraine: an open-label study. J Headache Pain. 2016 Dec;17(1):91. doi:10.1186/s10194-016-0684-z. Epub 2016 Oct 3. PMID: 27699586; PMCID: PMC5047863.
2. Beh, Shin C. "Nystagmus and vertigo in acute vestibular migraine attacks: response to non-invasive vagus nerve stimulation." Otology & Neurotology2 (2021): e233-e236.
3. Beh, Shin C. "Emerging evidence for noninvasive vagus nerve stimulation for the treatment of vestibular migraine." Expert review of neurotherapeutics 20.10 (2020): 991-993
4. De Icco, Roberto, et al. "Noninvasive peripheral vagal nerve stimulation prevents migraine aura: A case report." Cephalalgia Reports 2 (2019): 2515816319855607.
5. Kamourieh, Salwa, Susie Lagrata, and Manjit Singh Matharu. "Non-invasive vagus nerve stimulation is beneficial in chronic paroxysmal hemicrania." Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery & Psychiatry 90.9 (2019): 1072-1074.
6. Villar-Martinez, Maria Dolores, and Peter J. Goadsby. "Non-invasive neuromodulation of the cervical vagus nerve in rare primary headaches." Frontiers in Pain Research 4 (2023): 1062892.
7. Rainero, Innocenzo, et al. "Non-invasive Vagal Nerve Stimulation for the Treatment of Headache Attacks in Patients with Chronic Migraine and Medication-Overuse Headache (P1. 262)." Neurology 82.10_supplement (2014): P1-262.
8. Vacca, Alessandro, et al. "Noninvasive vagal nerve stimulation in chronic migraine with medication overuse headache." Pain Medicine 19.12 (2018): 2575-2577.
9. Mwamburi M, Liebler EJ, Tenaglia AT. Review of non-invasive vagus nerve stimulation (gammaCore): efficacy, safety, potential impact on comorbidities, and economic burden for episodic and chronic cluster headache. Am J Manag Care. 2017;23:S317-S325.
10. Silberstein, Stephen D., et al. "Non-invasive vagus nerve stimulation for primary headache: a clinical update." Cephalalgia 40.12 (2020): 1370-1384.
11. Mwamburi, Mkaya, Eric J. Liebler, and Andrew T. Tenaglia. "Cost-effectiveness of gammaCore (non-invasive vagus nerve stimulation) for acute treatment of episodic cluster headache." Am J Manag Care 23.16 Suppl (2017): S300-6.
12. Strickland, Iain, et al. "Noninvasive vagus nerve stimulation in a primary care setting: effects on quality of life and utilization measures in multimorbidity patients with or without primary headache." Am J Manag Care 24.24 Suppl (2018): S517-S526.

gammaCore™ non-invasive vagus nerve stimulator (nVNS) was granted Emergency Use Authorization (EUA) in July of 2020 to treat patients with known or suspected COVID-19 who are experiencing exacerbation of asthma-related dyspnea and reduced airflow. gammaCore nVNS has not been evaluated by the FDA for use in the treatment of Long-COVID or inflammation, and the safety and effectiveness of gammaCore for COVID-19 or inflammation has not been established.

Publications:

1. Czura, C. J., Bikson, M., Charvet, L., Chen, J. D., Franke, M., Fudim, M., ... & Vonck, K. (2022). Neuromodulation strategies to reduce inflammation and improve lung complications in COVID-19 patients. Frontiers in neurology, 13, 897124. https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/neurology/articles/10.3389/fneur.2022.897124/full
2. Staats, P., Giannakopoulos, G., Blake, J., Liebler, E., & Levy, R. M. (2020). The use of non-invasive vagus nerve stimulation to treat respiratory symptoms associated with COVID-19: a theoretical hypothesis and early clinical experience. Neuromodulation: Technology at the Neural Interface, 23(6), 784-788. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1094715921002543
3. Tornero, C., Pastor, E., Garzando, M. D. M., Orduña, J., Forner, M. J., Bocigas, I., ... & Staats, P. (2022). Non-invasive vagus nerve stimulation for COVID-19: results from a randomized controlled trial (SAVIOR I). Frontiers in neurology, 13, 820864. https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/neurology/articles/10.3389/fneur.2022.820864/full
4. Lerman I, Hauger R, Sorkin L, et al. Noninvasive transcutaneous vagus nerve stimulation decreases whole blood culture-derived cytokines and chemokines: a randomized, blinded, healthy control pilot trial. Neuromodulation. 2016;19:283-291. doi:10.1111/ner.12398
5. Bremner JD, Gurel NZ, Jiao Y, et al. Transcutaneous vagal nerve stimulation blocks stress-induced activation of interleukin-6 and interferon-γ in posttraumatic stress disorder: a double-blind, randomized, sham-controlled trial. Brain Behav Immune Health. 2020;9:100138. doi:10.1016/j.bbih.2020.100138
6. Tarn J, Legg S, Mitchell S, Simon B, Ng WF. The effects of noninvasive vagus nerve stimulation on fatigue and immune responses in patients with primary Sjögren's syndrome. Neuromodulation. 2019;22: 580-585. doi:10.1111/ner.12879
7. Rubenstein Engel, Emily, Justyna Blake, and Eric Liebler. "Non-invasive vagus nerve stimulator (gammaCore®) was not associated with meaningful cardiovascular adverse effects (P1. 292)." Neurology 84.14_supplement (2015): P1-292.

gammaCore™ non-invasive vagus nerve stimulator (nVNS) has not been evaluated by the FDA for use in the treatment of cognitive performance and performance enhancement, and the safety and effectiveness of gammaCore for cognitive performance and performance enhancement has not been established.

Publications:

1. Klaming, R., Simmons, A. N., Spadoni, A. D., & Lerman, I. (2022). Effects of noninvasive cervical vagal nerve stimulation on cognitive performance but not brain activation in healthy adults. Neuromodulation: Technology at the Neural Interface, 25(3), 424-432 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35396072/
2. McIntire, L.K., McKinley, R.A., Goodyear, C. et al. Cervical transcutaneous vagal nerve stimulation (ctVNS) improves human cognitive performance under sleep deprivation stress. Commun Biol 4, 634 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1038/s42003-021-02145-7
3. Choudhary, Tilendra, et al. "Effect of transcutaneous cervical vagus nerve stimulation on declarative and working memory in patients with Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD): A pilot study." Journal of affective disorders 339 (2023): 418-425.
4. Lerman, Imanuel, et al. "Non-invasive cervical vagus nerve stimulation effects on reaction time and valence image anticipation response." Brain stimulation 15.4 (2022): 946-956.
5. Miyatsu, Toshiya, et al. "Transcutaneous cervical vagus nerve stimulation enhances second-language vocabulary acquisition while simultaneously mitigating fatigue and promoting focus." Scientific Reports 14.1 (2024): 17177.

Publications:

1. Schoenen, Jean, et al. "Non-Invasive Vagus Nerve Stimulation with the gammaCore in Healthy Subjects: Is There Electrophysiological Evidence for Activation of Vagal Afferents?(P2. 202)." Neurology 86.16_supplement (2016): P2-202.
2. Schroeder, Celina F., Maike Möller, and Arne May. "nVNS sham significantly affects the trigeminal-autonomic reflex: a randomized controlled study." Neurology 93.5 (2019): e518-e521.
3. De Icco, Roberto, et al. "Peripheral vagal nerve stimulation modulates the nociceptive withdrawal reflex in healthy subjects: A randomized, cross-over, sham-controlled study." Cephalalgia10 (2018): 1658-1664.
4. Oshinsky, Michael L., et al. "Noninvasive vagus nerve stimulation as treatment for trigeminal allodynia." Pain5 (2014): 1037-1042.
5. Lewine, Jeffrey D., et al. "Exploration of the impact of brief noninvasive vagal nerve stimulation on EEG and event-related potentials." Neuromodulation: Technology at the Neural Interface5 (2019): 564-572.
6. Nonis, Romain, et al. "Evidence of activation of vagal afferents by non-invasive vagus nerve stimulation: an electrophysiological study in healthy volunteers." Cephalalgia13 (2017): 1285-1293.
7. Akerman, Simon, Bruce Simon, and Marcela Romero-Reyes. "Vagus nerve stimulation suppresses acute noxious activation of trigeminocervical neurons in animal models of primary headache." Neurobiology of disease 102 (2017): 96-104.
8. Mourdoukoutas, Antonios P., et al. "High-resolution multi-scale computational model for non-invasive cervical vagus nerve stimulation." Neuromodulation: Technology at the Neural Interface 21.3 (2018): 261-268.
9. Lerman, Imanuel, et al. "Noninvasive vagus nerve stimulation alters neural response and physiological autonomic tone to noxious thermal challenge." PloS one 14.2 (2019): e0201212.
10. Vecchio, Eleonora, et al. "Effect of non-invasive vagus nerve stimulation on resting-state electroencephalography and laser-evoked potentials in migraine patients: mechanistic insights." Frontiers in human neuroscience 12 (2018): 398984.
11. Simon B, Blake J. Mechanism of action of non-invasive cervical vagus nerve stimulation for the treatment of primary headaches. Am J Manag Care. 2017 Nov;23(17 Suppl):S312-S316. PMID: 29144716.
12. Frangos E, Komisaruk BR. Access to vagal projections via cutaneous electrical stimulation of the neck: fMRI evidence in healthy humans. Brain Stimul. 2017;10(1):19-27. doi: 10.1016/j.brs.2016.10.008.
13. Brock C, Brock B, Aziz Q, et al. Transcutaneous cervical vagal nerve stimulation modulates cardiac vagal tone and tumor necrosis factor-alpha. Neurogastroenterol Motil. 2017;29(5):e12999. doi: 10.1111/nmo.12999.